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Joshua 20:1-9

Run to the City of Refuge

July 12, 2003 · Pastor Miles DeBenedictis

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Pastor Miles teaches on the six cities of refuge established in Joshua 20, showing how this easily-overlooked provision for the accidental manslayer points forward to Christ as the true, seventh city of refuge. He argues that every person has unwittingly killed the Son of God by their sin, and that salvation comes only when we realize our guilt, confess it, and flee to Christ, staying in Him under our eternal High Priest.

  • God provided six hilltop cities of refuge, carefully placed and clearly marked, so a manslayer who killed unwittingly could flee the avenger of blood.
  • The Old Testament never records anyone using these cities, which raises the question of why God made so costly a provision.
  • The true fulfillment came 2,000 years ago when Christ was killed on a hill in Jerusalem, opening a seventh city of refuge—Christ Himself.
  • Every person has "killed Christ" through sin; salvation begins when we realize our guilt, are cut to the heart, and run to Him in confession and repentance.
  • Because Jesus is our High Priest forever, there is no loophole to leave the city—we are to abide in Him, and Scripture warns against falling away.
  • Realizing the Father's wrath abides on the unsaved should drive us to pray for and witness to those still outside the city of refuge.

Readable is a lightly edited reading copy; Verbatim stays close to the spoken words. The audio and video are the record of what was said.

And the Lord spoke unto Joshua, saying, Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Appoint out for you cities of refuge... that the slayer that kills any person unawares and unwittingly may flee there... And they appointed Kadesh in Galilee in the mountain of Naphtali, and Shechem in the mountain of Ephraim, and Kirjath Arba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness... and Ramoth in Gilead... and Golan in Bashan... These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation. ()

An overlooked Old Testament provision for the accidental manslayer turns out to be a portrait of the only refuge where any sinner can hide from the wrath of God.

An Easily Overlooked Provision

In we have the establishment of an interesting provision that was first set forth in the law—something easily passed over. Remember the setting: Israel came out of Egypt, reached Mount Sinai, and Moses went up the mountain for forty days and forty nights to receive the law. When he came down, he found the people dancing around a golden calf. He cast down the tablets, and they broke, symbolizing that the people had already broken God's law. Just forty days before, they had said three times, "All that the Lord has said we will do."

Our nation, too, is trying more and more to remove God's law—taking the Ten Commandments out of the courts; recently a court in Missouri was told to take them off the wall. But whatever the world tries to do, it will never take His word away. It is eternal.

Capital Punishment and the Place to Flee

In , right after the Ten Commandments, God gives His command concerning capital punishment: "He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death." If you transgress the command, "Thou shalt not murder," the murderer must surely die. But in the very next verse God makes a provision: "If a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee."

If you killed someone unwittingly, by accident and not premeditated, God promised a place of escape. In that culture, if you killed someone, the next of kin—the avenger of blood—would come to take your life in return. The rabbis said that if you kill one man, you kill the world, because you cut off every generation of descendants that person would have had. To transgress "Thou shalt not murder" was a terrible thing.

From Cain to the Cities of Refuge

The first murder was Cain's. His countenance fell because the Lord respected Abel's offering, and God warned him, "Sin lieth at the door; and unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over it." But Cain rose up in the field and killed his brother. Later came Lamech, who killed two men, and Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord who was in truth a murderer. After the flood, God told Noah that whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed. God's law of capital punishment stood from the beginning.

Yet alongside it came the provision. In the Lord reiterates it: among the cities given to the Levites, six shall be cities of refuge, "that the slayer may flee thither." Three were to be on one side of the Jordan and three in Canaan, both for the children of Israel and for the stranger among them, "that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither." God repeats it again in and 19. Moses commanded it; now Joshua sets it in order and appoints the six cities.

Why Go to Such Lengths?

Out of more than 30,000 verses in the Bible, fewer than 50 speak of these cities of refuge—yet the matter was important, something God established for a purpose. It is easy, in our devotions, to skip over . But all these things were written for our admonition and instruction (), and we should look for what the Lord wants to say to us.

As one of the children of Israel, you might have shrugged and said, "This doesn't concern me. You're giving away these beautiful hilltop plots—Kadesh, Hebron, Shechem—desirable land where you can see an advancing enemy, and for what? It will hardly ever be used."

Yet great care was taken. The six cities were placed so perfectly—three on each side of the Jordan—that no one in the nation would be more than a day's journey from one. Great care was also taken with the roads. Matthew Henry's commentary tells us the roads were kept clean and marked with signs in big letters: "Refuge, refuge," so you would know the direction to run.

"Run": When It Suddenly Concerns You

And yet, reading the Old Testament, we never see anyone actually use a city of refuge. That does not mean it was never used—only that it is not recorded. So we might ask, "Why, God, did You go to all this length? These great plots of land seem never to be used." As Israel passed Hebron on the way to worship at Shiloh, they might have wondered why such beautiful land sat set aside.

It does not seem to concern you—until the day you stand gazing into the eyes of a lifeless body, your heart pounding, realizing something terribly awful has happened and you may be to blame. Then only one thing comes to mind: the words of Moses, "Appoint cities of refuge for the manslayer who kills someone unwittingly." And all you can think of is one small word: Run. Run. Get to that city of refuge now.

The Seventh City of Refuge

But in the Old Testament it never happened—until 2,000 years ago, when an innocent man was brutally beaten and killed on another hilltop, in another city called Jerusalem, the city of peace. On that day a seventh city of refuge was established—seven, the number of perfection and completion. And from that day forward its population has grown exponentially, as men and women come to the realization: "I have killed someone unwittingly and unaware. I didn't know what I was doing, but I am the one."

Why would God make such a provision? That is why. The six cities went unused for centuries, but one day the gates of the seventh city were opened—because we killed somebody.

"I Am the One Who Killed Christ"

No one can be saved until they come to the realization that they have killed Christ. Then the still, small voice of the Spirit begins to speak. For the next of kin—the Father, God—has wrath that abides on all the ungodly, and the only way to escape the coming judgment is to flee to that seventh city of refuge, the city called Christ.

For ages the Jewish people have been persecuted as "Christ killers"—the Nazis said it, and others before and after. But they are not the ones who killed Christ. He was killed on a Roman cross, yet the Romans did not kill Him either. I am the one, and you are the one. Every human who has ever lived killed Him. Our sin crucified Him—unwittingly, perhaps, while we walked in ungodliness. The things I did, said, and thought crucified Christ.

When I grasp the seriousness of that crime and realize the Father, the next of kin, has His Spirit pursuing me—convicting me of sin, of righteousness, and of coming judgment—all I can think is run, run to refuge, to Christ. Then Paul's words in make sense: "There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus." In that seventh city of refuge there is no condemnation, no wrath, for those who have heard, "I am the one who killed Christ," and have fled inside.

Confession at the Gate

Notice in that the manslayer comes to the city gate and "declares his cause in the ears of the elders." That is confession. We too must come to the cross and admit, "I have killed the man." When Peter preached in that they had crucified the Christ, the people were cut to the heart and cried, "What shall we do?" He answered, "Repent, and be baptized." We too must come to that place of being cut to the heart, saying, "I've killed Him—what must I do?" Repent, come into the city of refuge, be baptized into Christ, and stay there.

The one who fled stayed in the city until he stood before the congregation for judgment. If he had killed with premeditation, he was taken outside and stoned. If he had done it unwittingly, he remained in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest of those days, when the captives were released to return home in safety. But still, he had to run; he had to hide in that strong tower.

A High Priest Forever—No Loophole

The word refuge appears only once in the entire New Testament, in : "That we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us." And verse 20 tells us what that hope is: "Jesus, made an high priest for ever." We who have all deserved to die for killing Christ are to flee for refuge and lay hold of that hope—Jesus, our High Priest forever.

What does "forever" mean to me? It means He will never die, and so I have no loophole to leave Him. Under the old law, when the high priest died the manslayer could go free. But it is God's desire that we never go out, never leave. If that manslayer wandered outside the city, he could be killed by the avenger of blood. So we flee to the High Priest forever, Jesus the righteous—the very one we crucified.

"Thou Shalt Not Murder"

You might sit here and say, "I haven't committed adultery. I haven't stolen. I haven't coveted." You might make it almost all the way down the list—though I can't even get past the first command without confessing sin. But you will stop at one: "Thou shalt not murder." Because unwittingly and unaware, you have. You killed the Son of God, and so did I. We are guilty, and all we can do is run to Him for refuge.

Scripture testifies again and again: "God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble" (). "The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge" (, 11). "In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God" (). "I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress... Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation; there shall no evil befall thee" (, 9). "Thou art my refuge and my portion in the land of the living" (). We remain in the land of the living only because He is our refuge.

God was preparing His people, through these cities, for the day His Son would come, so that they would know to run to Him. It is His grace and mercy that has opened the door for us to come in, even though He has every right, as the avenger of the blood of His Son, to condemn us.

You Cannot Sin in the City of Refuge

says, "In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence: and his children shall have a place of refuge." Jesus told His disciples, "Let not your heart be troubled... In my Father's house are many mansions... I go to prepare a place for you." When Thomas said, "We know not the way," Jesus answered, "I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." As we come to the gate and confess, "Lord, I'm the one," He makes a way for us to come in and receive adoption as children of God and heirs with Christ.

But we will never come to that until we realize what our crime is and what the punishment should be. Many people say, "I believe all that—Jesus is the Son of God, He's the refuge"—yet they go off doing their own thing in the world. Let me tell you: you cannot sin in the city of refuge. Every time you go off to sin, I believe you step outside the gates. speaks of those who tasted the heavenly gift and the good word of God, yet fell away, crucifying again the Lord Jesus and putting Him to open shame—and it says it is impossible to renew them again to repentance.

I will not point fingers and say someone has lost their salvation; that is not my place, and I don't claim to settle that question. But there is a clear warning in Scripture, and we had better take heed and stay in Christ. As long as I abide in Him, I am safe. Outside those gates, I do not know—God will be the judge.

Run to Him, Then Pray for Those Outside

All I can tell you is this: I killed Christ. I have realized it, run to Him, confessed it, received forgiveness, and been ushered into the refuge that is in Christ. I pray every one of you has too. If you haven't, know for certain the Holy Spirit is pursuing you tonight, that you would see your sin and run to the Lord. If you refuse, read the book of Revelation and see the wrath set apart for those who refuse.

The slayer is me. The slain is Jesus. The avenger of blood is God the Father. The pursuer is the Holy Spirit. And the city of refuge is Christ. As long as I am in Him, He is my strong tower and no one can come against me. But until a person runs to that safety, he remains a son of disobedience under kindled wrath.

That realization should drive us to our faces in prayer for family members, friends, and coworkers who do not know Christ—who have killed Him and are still outside the city—seeking every opportunity to tell them of the grace found in Christ. And if you tell people about the blessed Savior but never tell them they are sinners, criminals before God, you do them no service. Like the Jews who walked past that plot of land wondering why it mattered, many in the church today can quote chapter and verse about the refuge but have never been convicted of their sin or yielded their lives to the Lord.

Poor in Spirit

It is a dangerous place to be. Jesus said, "Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." Until I come to that place—realizing I am poor in spirit, that I have killed the Lord by my sin, that my righteousness is as filthy rags—I cannot lay hold of the kingdom. But when you realize you are poor in spirit and begin to mourn over it, God by His grace instills a meekness, and you begin to hunger and thirst after righteousness and cry, "Lord, save me." And God always answers that call. When a repentant heart bows and says, "Father, I confess I'm a sinner," the Lord always reaches down.

Perhaps tonight the Lord is using me as a Nathan to say, "This is what has been done," so you can cry, "I am the one." And the Lord says, "Run to Me." I don't need to lead you in a prayer or have you raise a hand or come forward. The Spirit of God is speaking to you right now. What do you need to do? Confess to the elders of that city, "I have killed a man unwittingly and unaware, and I need to come into the refuge that is in Christ." And He, by His Spirit, will make you a new creation, and His Spirit will bear witness with your spirit that you are a child of God. And you will know.

Closing Prayer

God, I thank You for Your word, for these obscure passages that we sometimes skip over, that have such great application for us. I thank You for making the way open that we can come to You, be found in You, and be baptized by You. Lord, You've set us apart and desire to use us as bright lights to this world, to shine that glorious gospel to those around us—our friends, family, coworkers, and schoolmates. So, Lord, as we are now part of You in that city set on a hill, that city of refuge, help us to shine brightly and never hide it. And for those tonight who are just running, I pray You would speak to them by Your Spirit right now and draw them to lay their lives down before You. I know You are doing that work even now. I thank You in Jesus' name. Amen.

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