The Unknown God | Sunday, August 8, 2021
August 6, 2021 · Pastor Miles DeBenedictis
In this teaching
Drawing on Paul's address to the Athenians in Acts 17, this teaching explores the "religious impulse" toward transcendence and argues that general revelation—creation, consciousness, and conscience—reveals that God exists, is powerful, intelligent, moral, beautiful, and loving, yet remains insufficient to fully know Him. It introduces the "unknown God" Paul proclaimed as one who is not unknowable, and frames Christianity as the only worldview that answers life's deepest questions.
- Saul the persecutor became Paul the preacher after encountering the risen Jesus, and went on to bring the gospel to Athens's intelligentsia at the Areopagus.
- Humanity universally tends toward transcendence and a "religious impulse" because God made creation, consciousness, and conscience to compel us to seek Him.
- General revelation shows that God is, that He is powerful, and that He is intelligent, and lets us infer that He is moral, beautiful, relational, and loving.
- General revelation is powerful but insufficient, and we are broken instruments who default to wrong conclusions and worship the creature rather than the Creator.
- Like the Athenians, modern people are still very religious and seek transcendence, but often arrive at the wrong destinations because of faulty motives and presuppositions.
- Only Christianity coherently and compellingly answers life's deepest questions of identity, purpose, origin, destiny, truth, morality, and beauty.
Readable is a lightly edited reading copy; Verbatim stays close to the spoken words. The audio and video are the record of what was said.
Then Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus and said, "Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious; for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you... that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us." ()
What can creation, consciousness, and conscience tell us about the God the Athenians called "unknown"—and why is He not unknowable?
From Persecutor to Preacher
In about 36 A.D., a Jewish rabbi named Saul experienced a radical conversion to Christianity. I say radical because of the context. Saul was on a mission to persecute Jewish converts living in the ancient city of Damascus in Syria. This put him in direct opposition to his own mentor, the rabbi known in history as Gamaliel the Elder, the leading authority in the Sanhedrin, the religious ruling council of Judaism in Jerusalem.
When the Christian movement first began in the early 30s A.D., it began among Jews in Jerusalem, and the Sanhedrin initially sanctioned a shutdown of this new movement. But Gamaliel spoke wisdom to the council. In , as they wanted to put early leaders like Peter and John to death, he said:
Men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what you intend to do regarding these men... keep away from these men and let them alone; for if this plan or this work is of men, it will come to nothing; but if it is of God, you cannot overthrow it—lest you even be found to fight against God.
Saul was Gamaliel's student, but he didn't heed that counsel. He set out to destroy this movement of people following a crucified man from Nazareth. Yet while on his mission to Damascus, he encountered the very Jesus who had been crucified. Jesus was not dead—He had risen, just as His followers said. In glory and power, He appeared to Saul and asked, in , why Saul was persecuting Him.
In that moment, Saul of Tarsus was converted. Not long after, he became known as Paul, and the one who formerly persecuted Christians began to preach the very faith he once tried to destroy. It's one of those amazing transformation stories you'd expect to become a feature film. Paul went on to be one of Christianity's greatest missionaries and one of the foremost authors of Scripture—13 New Testament books are attributed to him.
Paul Comes to Athens
About a decade after his aborted mission as a persecutor, Paul went on his first missionary journey with Barnabas, bringing the gospel to the region called Galatia—the cities of Lystra, Iconium, and Derbe (). A short time later he went with Silas on a second journey into Macedonia and Greece (). It's one of the most fascinating sequences in Scripture to follow.
On that second journey, Paul went to Athens and spoke to the intelligentsia of Greece at the Areopagus. You can still see this very rock outcropping in the ruins of ancient Athens today. Two thousand years and many thousands of miles removed, I believe Paul's message there is an important one for us.
I once thought—and even taught—that Paul's message in was less than effectual. After Athens he went to Corinth, and his methodology seems to have changed, as if he decided his approach to the philosophers hadn't worked. In one way that may still be true, but I don't think it's good to minimize the importance of what Paul said in Athens. His Athenian discourse was important 2,000 years ago, and I think it is at least as important—maybe more—for the cultural moment we find ourselves in today. This month we're stepping back to revisit the basics of our faith, and I want to key in on this passage.
The Religious Impulse Toward Transcendence
Humans throughout all of history, in every place and under virtually every culture, have looked out at this world and concluded that there is something more than what we can see or perceive on the surface. Even in this postmodern, science-saturated, hyper-technical culture of the 21st century, we want to get beneath the surface, beyond the bubble of this universe, to see what is behind it.
Why do we do this? Why is there this impulse toward transcendence—what some call a religious impulse? No matter our background or culture, at virtually every time in human history we conclude there is more to reality than what our senses perceive. Study ancient cultures like the Greeks, and you see this impulse acutely. You have to wrestle with that question. Even atheists and those focused on science as the answer for everything have to wrestle with it—and they don't always have the greatest answers.
The biblical answer is rather simple. Four thousand years ago, King David observed it in Psalm 19:
The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork. Day unto day utters speech, and night unto night reveals knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard.
Theologians call this general revelation. Paul writes about it in Romans 1:
What may be known of God is manifest in them, for God has shown it to them. For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse.
The Bible answers why we have this impulse by saying that creation, consciousness (our awareness of life), and conscience all beg us to look deeper—deeper than subatomic particles, fermions, and neutrinos, and further than black holes and dark matter. God made us and everything in such a way that we would be compelled to seek. This is exactly what Paul says in —God did this so "that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us."
Why We Default to the Wrong Conclusions
Here is the problem—and according to the Bible there is a reason for it. When we are confronted with the evidence of creation, consciousness, and conscience, we default to the wrong conclusions. Back in , after saying the invisible things of God are clearly seen, Paul writes:
Although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were they thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools, and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man—and birds and four-footed animals and creeping things.
The problem isn't the stunning evidence; the evidence is there. The problem is that, when presented with it, we stand in awe of these things and of human ingenuity rather than the God who made them. As Paul continues in , we "exchanged the truth of God for the lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen."
The Unknown God of Athens
This is exactly what the people of Athens did. Right above the Areopagus where Paul spoke is the most prominent feature of the city, visible from everywhere—the Acropolis, the center of Athenian worship, scattered with temples and altars. The Athenians believed the world was governed by a pantheon of gods: Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena (for whom the city was named), Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Dionysus, and more.
But they were concerned there might be other gods they had forgotten or missed. So, in case they overlooked one, they even built an altar—Paul mentions it in —to the unknown god. That's what I want us to consider: the unknown God.
Though we consider ourselves advanced and progressive in 2021, we still worship the same things the Athenians did. We just call them by different names and worship them in different ways. The gods of Greece had different names in Rome and have different names today, but they're basically the same things people are in awe of, the things people think govern the world or believe they must give themselves to in order to succeed.
So Paul said, "Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious." We really are no different. Even someone at work or school who says they don't believe in God is still very religious. In our seeking, we tend to arrive at the wrong destinations. Some of you know exactly what I'm talking about. You tried to find transcendence, peace, meaning, or fulfillment—your consciousness and conscience compelled you to look for something bigger—but you came to many wrong conclusions along the way.
Why General Revelation Is Insufficient
Why, though everything compels us to seek, do we find ourselves in the wrong place? Because as good as the evidence of creation, consciousness, and conscience is, it is incomplete. General revelation is powerful but insufficient.
We spend billions of dollars and tremendous human capital studying creation, consciousness, and conscience, and our studies have yielded amazing things. This universe is awesome, and we keep making remarkable discoveries. But as the wise philosopher Bono observed, we still haven't found what we're looking for. The greatest answers are not found in the box or bubble of this cosmos—the answer transcends it.
Not only is the evidence insufficient, but the instruments we use to study it—our brains, our abilities—are broken and faulty. We tend toward wrong conclusions because of wrong motives and wrong presuppositions. Consider one example: the evidence for design is phenomenal. The fine-tuning of the universe, the complexity of DNA, the structure in physics all look intentional, intelligently and teleologically designed—designed with a purpose. But if you come to these things with the presupposition that there is no God, as much of the scientific community does, your conclusions will always be off. Even when you find fine-tuning or apparent design, you assume it can't possibly be God, because your conclusion was settled beforehand. We like to say "follow the science," but often we don't.
So the evidence can be insufficient, and those assessing it—you and me—are broken and biased. We need something more than general revelation. Yet general revelation is still wonderful: it can tell us there is something more, and that we should expect certain things about that something more, even if it gives us an incomplete understanding of what it is.
What General Revelation Does Reveal
If we are careful and sincere in our search, we will discover the true and greatest truths of reality. General revelation reveals several important things. First, that God is—that He exists. Second, that God is powerful, with the resources and ability to make everything we see. Imagine what kind of power a God would need to make all of this. Third, that God is intelligent—He knows how to put everything together. At the very least, then, general revelation reveals that God is, that He is powerful, and that He is intelligent.
Furthermore, from creation, consciousness, and conscience, we can infer what this God is like. From our conscience—our innate sense of right and wrong—we infer that He is moral. This is a real challenge for the atheistic community: where do we get this moral sensibility? I'd suggest it tells us something about the Creator. From our being gripped by beauty, we infer that He loves beauty. From the fact that we thrive in relationship, we infer that He is relational, and that He wants to be known, to love and be loved, because His likeness is imprinted upon us. There are many more things we could infer, but my goal is to introduce you to the unknown God.
He is the unknown God Paul speaks of in . Paul is aiming to help the intelligentsia of his day know who this God is, what He is like, and why they should know Him. And though God is the unknown God, He is not unknowable. Many people still don't know Him, and that's exactly what Paul endeavored to make clear in Athens:
Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious... the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you.
Why I Believe in God
Several years ago someone asked me, "Why do you believe in God?" Everything I've shared came to mind. Creation, consciousness, and conscience tell me there is a Creator who exists, who is powerful, and from whom I can infer that He is true, good, beautiful, and loving.
Since both the Bible and science tell us this universe is not eternal—that it had a beginning, however differently they describe it—notice the implications. Buddhism is out, because it believes everything is eternal. Since God must exist independently of a universe that had a beginning, Hinduism is out, because its gods exist within this cosmos. If God is loving, as Scripture reveals and as your conscience makes you aware, then Islam is out. If God is moral, as your strong moral sensibilities suggest, then the pagan gods—Dionysus, Athena, and the rest—are out, because they were not moral.
All of these things are as they are because they are meant to stir you and me to seek, just as says—so that we might grope for the Lord in the dark and find Him, and in Him find the answers to life's biggest questions.
The Questions Only Christianity Answers
What are the biggest questions every person wrestles with, even alone? The question of identity: who am I? Purpose: why am I here? Origin: where did I come from? Destiny: where do I go after this? Truth: what is true? Morality: what is right? Goodness and beauty: what is good and beautiful? Every worldview and philosophy must give adequate answers to these.
And it's not only the right answers that matter, but the right solutions to our most challenging problems. We live in a world that is not perfect—a world of suffering, evil, and wickedness. Any coherent and compelling worldview must address both the deep questions and these deep problems. I want to suggest that only Christianity answers these questions and brings solutions that are both coherent and compelling.
Going Back to the Basics
Next week we'll move further into and consider what happens as we move away from general revelation—the heavens declaring the glory of God—into what theologians call special revelation. What do we learn about God as we move from observation and inference to revelation?
This series is called First Things First. Last week I made the case for why we need to go back to the basics; now we're looking at what the basics are—why we believe there is a God, what it means that He exists, and how He reveals Himself. Just as Esther's cousin said, "for such a time as this," I believe God has a work for us to do. People in our lives who don't yet know the unknown God have real questions, and we need to be able to articulate answers.
My encouragement is to read through , beginning around , slowly, carefully, and prayerfully over this next week. As we look at creation, conscience, and consciousness, we begin to see that God is, that He is powerful and intelligent, and that He is relational, loving, good, moral, true, and beautiful. These are the important truths we need to grasp as those who believe in Him and follow Him.
Closing Prayer
Father God, I pray that You would take these things and stir interest in whoever is listening to or watching this message—that we would begin to open the pages of Scripture and be a little more thoughtful about what we know about You and why we believe You exist. God, reveal Yourself to us through Your creation; the heavens show forth Your glory. Lord, help us to come to know You, because You are not unknown insofar as You desire to be distant from us. You desire that we would know You and have a relationship with You. So I pray that we would move away from not knowing You—because we've not looked into these things—and that as we look into them we would get to know who You are and how You've revealed Yourself to us. For we ask this in Jesus' name. Amen.
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I worship You. I worship You. I worship You, light in the darkness. My God, that is who You are.
In about 36 A.D., a Jewish rabbi named Saul experienced a radical conversion to Christianity. I say radical because of the context in which this conversion took place. Saul was on a mission to persecute Jewish converts to Christianity who were living in the ancient city of Damascus in Syria. Saul was on a mission that was in direct opposition to the very faith he would soon embrace.
This transformation is significant not only for Saul but also for the early Christian church. His journey from persecutor to apostle illustrates the profound impact of faith and the power of God to change lives.
Opposition to his mentor, his rabbi, a man known in history as Gamaliel the Elder, was significant. Gamaliel was the leading authority in the religious ruling council of Judaism at that time in the city of Jerusalem. He was part of a council called the Sanhedrin. When the Christian movement first began in the early 30s A.D., nearly 2,000 years ago, it started as a movement among Jews in Jerusalem. The religious body in Jerusalem, the Sanhedrin, initially sanctioned a shutdown of this new movement.
However, Gamaliel, this wise, learned rabbi and leader within the Sanhedrin, spoke some wisdom to the council. He said, as recorded in , "Men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what you intend to do regarding these men. Keep away from these men and let them alone, for if this plan or this work is of men, it will come to nothing. But if it is of God, you cannot overthrow it, lest you even be found to fight against God."
At the time Gamaliel said those words, Saul was a student of Gamaliel, but he didn't heed that counsel. Gamaliel warned against fighting this movement of followers of Jesus of Nazareth, stating that if it was a work of God, Saul would find himself fighting against God. Unfortunately, Saul did not listen to Gamaliel. He set out to destroy this movement, targeting the people who were following the crucified man from Nazareth.
While on his mission to put this movement to rest in the city of Damascus, Saul had an encounter with the very Jesus who had been crucified. The crucified Jesus was not dead; He had, in fact, risen from the dead, just as His followers had said. In glory and in power, Jesus appeared to Saul and said to him, as recorded in , "Saul, why are you fighting against me? Why are you persecuting me? Isn't it hard for you to try and move in this direction that I don't want you to move in?" In that moment, everything changed for Saul.
Saul of Tarsus was converted, and not too long after that period of time, Saul became known as Paul. He, who formerly persecuted Christians, began to preach the very faith that he once tried to destroy. That's one of those amazing transformation stories, one of those awesome reconciliation stories. It's a story that you would imagine would end up as a feature film, but to my knowledge, I don't think that's happened very much yet.
This one who used to be a persecutor now becomes a preacher. Paul became one of Christianity's greatest missionaries and one of the foremost authors of Scripture in our Bibles. In the New Testament, 13 books are attributed to the Apostle Paul. About a decade after his aborted mission as a persecutor of Christians, following his conversion, Paul went on to be one of the greatest missionaries. He embarked on his first mission as a preacher, transitioning from persecutor to preacher. He went with another Christian named Barnabas to bring the Gospel to what we know today as southwest Turkey, a region that at that point in time, 2,000 years ago, was called Galatia.
You can read about the whole story of Paul and Barnabas ministering in the key cities of Galatia—Lystra, Iconium, and Derbe—in . A short time after that mission, Paul and another Christian named Silas went on a second missionary journey into Macedonia and Greece, and that story begins in . It is one of the most fascinating stories of Scripture to follow the journeys of Paul in the Book of Acts. details his first missionary journey, covers his second missionary journey, and then his third missionary journey is found around Acts chapters 18 and 19.
While he was on this second missionary journey, Paul went to Athens. While he was in Athens, Paul spoke to the intelligentsia of Greece at what we are told is the Areopagus. In fact, you can go to the ruins of ancient Athens today and see this very rock outcropping called the Areopagus. Here we are, a couple of thousand years later, removed by time.
Thousand years and many thousands of miles from that place and that event, I believe that Paul's message to the people in Athens is an important one for us today. I once thought that the message Paul gave to the intelligentsia of Athens 2,000 years ago was less than effectual, maybe not all that impactful. I thought that because after Paul had been in Athens and he went to Corinth, it seemed like his methodology was different. His approach seemed to have changed as he moved from Athens to Corinth, and it seemed like he decided that the way he tried to approach preaching the gospel to the very smart philosophers of Athens maybe didn't work, prompting a change as he was going to Corinth.
I taught this in the past, and in one way, I still think that might be true. However, I don't think it is good to minimize the importance of Paul's words in Athens. What Paul speaks in to this gathering of very smart philosophers in the city of Athens is, I believe, important. It was important 2,000 years ago, and I think it is at least as important, if not more so, for this cultural moment that we find ourselves living in today. Paul's Athenian discourse is super important, and we are going to take some time this month to step back a bit and revisit the basics of our faith.
As we revisit the basics of our faith, I want to key in on this passage in . We will look at it a little bit this week and a little bit more next week. But before I do, there needs to be a little bit of a setup, a little context, if you will. Humans throughout all of history and in every place, under virtually every culture, have always looked out at the world around us and come to the conclusion that there is something more to all of this than what we can see or perceive on the surface. Even in this post-modern, science-saturated, hyper-technical, and apparently advanced culture that we live in, this truth remains.
In the 21st century, we look out at the world and want to try to get under the surface, or beyond the bubble of this universe that we live in, to see what is behind it. Why do we do this? Why is there this impulse toward transcendence? Why is it that we have what some have referred to as a religious impulse?
We look at all the things of this world, and there seems to be this pull or push in us to move toward something bigger and beyond this universe, to be in awe of everything. There is a religious impulse. Why do we look at all of this, no matter our background or culture, and conclude that there seems to be something more to reality than what we can perceive with our senses?
If you study ancient cultures and even other cultures around the world today, you can see that this impulse is very real. It is acutely present in ancient cultures. For example, the ancient Greeks, particularly in ancient Athens, provide a good illustration of this. We will talk a little bit more about that later.
So again, why do we tend toward transcendence? You need to wrestle with that question. Even atheists or those who are very much focused on science as the answer for everything have to grapple with these challenging questions. When you look at the answers to some of these questions among atheists or the scientific community, they do not always have the greatest answers.
The biblical answer to this question is actually rather simple. Four thousand years ago, King David of Israel observed something that serves as an answer to why we seem to have this pull toward transcendence or a religious impulse. King David says this in the Psalms, in , beginning at : "The heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth His handiwork. Day unto day they utter speech, and night unto night they reveal knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard."
Theologians look at this as the basis for what they generally refer to as general revelation. In his letter to the church at Rome, the...
The Apostle Paul is the one who is speaking to the Athenians in . He writes in , beginning at , "What may be known of God is manifested in us; it is manifested to humans, for God has shown it to us. For since the creation of the world, God's invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even God's eternal power and Godhead, so that they, or we, are without excuse."
The Bible answers the question of why the religious impulse exists, or why there is this tendency towards transcendence, by saying that creation—and not just creation, but consciousness, our awareness of life, and our desire to know things about this life—compels us to look deeper. Creation, consciousness, and our conscience urge us to look beyond the subatomic particles of atoms, fermions, and neutrinos, and to explore further than black holes and dark matter. All of these elements in the world—creation, consciousness, and conscience—beg for us to seek answers to profound questions.
Here is the key: God made us and everything in such a way that we would be compelled to seek. If we are going to talk about "first things first," which is the series we are going through right now, we need to step back and consider the basics of why we believe in God and what we believe as Christians.
So, if we are going to discuss first things first, it is important for us to begin with this. This is actually what Paul says to the gathering of Athenians in . Let me read to you from , beginning at . Paul says, "He [God] did this that they, or we, might seek God and perhaps that we might reach out and find Him, though He is not far from each of us."
That is ultimately where we will be going as we look at a little bit more this week and next week. So, why do we have this religious impulse? I believe that God made us in such a way that we would be compelled by creation and consciousness.
Conscience compels us to dig deeper and seek out the reasons behind our existence. Why did He make us this way? The very purpose is that we might seek for Him and ultimately find Him. I don't want to get ahead of myself, as that's where we're going, but here's the problem: for some reason—there is a reason according to the Bible, which we will discuss later—when confronted with the evidence of creation, consciousness, and conscience, we often default to the wrong conclusions.
In the book of Romans, Chapter 1, Paul writes about this very issue. He states that the invisible things of God are clearly seen and revealed through creation, conscience, and consciousness. He continues in , saying, "Although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were they thankful. Instead, they became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible men, birds, four-footed animals, and creeping things."
The problem isn't the stunning evidence in creation, consciousness, or conscience; the evidence is there. The issue arises when we are presented with this evidence. We often default to standing in awe of these things—creation, conscience, and consciousness—and end up worshipping human achievements more than the God who made these things. Just as Paul says, in , "We exchange the truth of God for a lie and worship and serve the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen."
This is what the people of Athens did 2,000 years ago. Right above the Areopagus, where Paul spoke to the Athenian philosophers of his day, stands the most prominent feature of the city of Athens. If you ever have a chance to go to Athens—I've been there twice; it's a beautiful place—you can see the ruins of the Acropolis from everywhere. The Acropolis was a wonder of the world in ancient times and served as the center of Athenian worship, with temples and altars scattered throughout the complex.
The Acropolis and throughout the city of Athens, the Athenians of the first century believed that the world was governed by and a product of a pantheon of gods. They had names for these gods, names like Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter, and Athena. Athens was named after Athena, and there were also Apollo, Artemis, Ares, and many others, including Dionysus. They worshiped all these different gods, but they were concerned that there might be other gods they had forgotten or missed. In case they did not want to overlook any of the gods, they even had an altar. Paul talks about it in . They had altars throughout the city of Athens to the unknown god, and that is what I want to consider a little bit today: the unknown god.
Now, by the way, even though we consider ourselves advanced and progressive in 2021, we still worship the same things that the Athenians did 2,000 years ago. We just don't call them by the same names, and we may not worship them in the exact same ways that they did. However, we are still following after many of the same false gods. The gods like Athena and Apollo in Greece had different names in Rome, and they have different names today, but they are basically the same things that people worship or are in awe of today. People think the world is governed by these things, or they believe that this is what they need to give themselves to in order to have success or make it in life.
So, Paul said to the intelligentsia of Athens, as he was there in the city 2,000 years ago, "Men of Athens, I see that you are extremely religious in every respect." We really are no different. Even if we meet someone in our neighborhood, at work, or at school who says they don't believe in God, they are still very religious. In our seeking, we tend to arrive at the wrong destinations. Everybody is seeking for something in this world, even if they say they don't believe in God or they don't go to church. A lot of times, they are seeking after things but end up in the wrong place. Some of you hearing this know exactly what I am talking about. You have tried in your life to find, maybe not God, but you have tried to find transcendence, peace, meaning, or fulfillment.
Something about the world, your awareness of it, your consciousness, and your conscience compelled you to look for something bigger than what you had right before you or what you already had in your life. So, you went seeking for those things, but you came to many wrong destinations and many wrong conclusions along the way. Why is that? Why, though, does everything about creation, consciousness, and conscience compel us to seek? When we begin to seek, why do we find ourselves in the wrong place? After we've been seeking, why do we come to the wrong conclusions?
Well, as good as the evidence of creation, consciousness, and conscience are, I would suggest that they are incomplete. This evidence—creation, consciousness, conscience, and so forth—is what we call general revelation. General revelation is powerful, but it is insufficient. We spend billions of dollars and tons of human capital, our energy, efforts, and time to study the data of creation and consciousness. Our studies have yielded amazing things. Just think about all of the incredible discoveries that humans have made, especially in the last several hundred years. This world is a wonder; this universe that we live in is awesome. We continue to make amazing discoveries as we explore all the different things we can find in this cosmos.
However, as the wise philosopher Bono observed, we still haven't found what it is that we're exactly looking for. Why is that? The answer to the question, "What is it that I'm really wanting, really looking for?"—the true answers, the greatest answers—are not found in the box or in the bubble of this cosmos. The answer transcends creation, consciousness, and conscience. Not only is the evidence of creation, consciousness, and conscience insufficient, but the instruments that we are using to study the evidence—our brains and our abilities—are broken and faulty. When considering the evidence, we tend toward wrong conclusions because of many times wrong motives and wrong presuppositions.
What do I mean by this? Well, let me just give you one example. In everything that we see around us and everything that we're able to study scientifically, the evidence for design is phenomenal.
The fine-tuning of the universe, the amazing complexity of DNA, and the remarkable structure in physics all suggest intentionality; they appear to be intelligently and teleologically designed. Teleologically means that they are designed with a purpose. When we look at everything around us—the structure and the apparent design—it seems like it was made for a reason.
However, if you approach the study of these things with the presupposition that there is no God, which is the stance many in the scientific community take today, then your conclusions will always be skewed. Even if you find fine-tuning or what seems to be design in the structures of DNA or physics, you must assume that it cannot possibly be God because your presupposition is that there is no God.
We often hear the phrase "follow the science," but many times we do not do that. The evidence can sometimes be insufficient, and those assessing the evidence—both you and I—are broken and biased. This means we need something more than just general revelation. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth His handiwork.
As I mentioned previously, general revelation is wonderful; it can inform us that there is something more, something beyond what we can see or sense. General revelation can indicate that we should expect certain things about this "something more," but it provides an incomplete understanding of what that something more is and what those expectations should be.
However, if we are careful and sincere in our search, we will discover the true and greatest truths of reality. To sum this up, general revelation, as David talks about in —the heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth His handiwork—and what Paul discusses in , where God's invisible attributes are clearly seen, reveals several important truths. I believe that at least one of these truths is that God exists.
Secondly, general revelation reveals that God is powerful. God has the resources and the ability to make everything that we see. Just imagine that for a moment. What would God have to be like if there is a God? I believe that creation suggests that the Creator exists. If there is a God, what kind of power would He have to have to be able to make all of these things? He has great resources and great power.
The third thing that general revelation reveals is that this God, who exists and has great power and resources, is intelligent. He knows how to put everything together. So, it reveals at least three things: that God is, that He is powerful, and that He is intelligent.
Furthermore, I would say that when you consider creation, just look around at the moon, the stars, and everything that is in this world. When you look at creation or consider consciousness—your awareness, your knowledge, the fact that you know things and that you know yourself and the things around you—you begin to see a connection.
From creation, consciousness, and conscience—your ability to discern what is good or bad, light or dark, right or wrong—we can deduce or expect what this God, who exists and is powerful and intelligent, is like. What is He like? I would suggest that when you look at everything around us and consider your makeup, your conscience, and your consciousness, you begin to infer that this God, who exists and is powerful and intelligent, is moral.
We have an innate sense of right and wrong, and this poses a challenge for those in the philosophical atheistic community or even the scientific atheistic community. Where do we get this moral sensibility? I would suggest to you that it tells us something about the Creator who exists, who is powerful, and who is intelligent. We infer from our conscience and from our consciousness that we are moral.
Secondly, we infer that this God loves beauty because we are gripped by aesthetics. I would suggest that He is relational because we thrive when we are in relationships. Not only is He relational, but we also see that He...
See His likeness imprinted upon us. He wants to be known; He wants to love and be loved. All of these things, I believe, are known by inference from consciousness and conscience. When we look at the creation around us, there are many more things than just the fact of morality, truth, and beauty. There are many things that we can infer about God as we observe the cosmos around us.
My goal here is to introduce you to the unknown God. He is the unknown God that Paul speaks of in . In this passage, which we'll look at a little bit more next week, Paul aims to help the intelligentsia of his day understand who this unknown God is, what He is like, and why they should know Him. Although God is the unknown God of , it is important for us to understand that He is not unknowable. However, there are many people, even today, just as there were in Paul's day, who still do not know Him. This is exactly what Paul endeavored to make clear 2,000 years ago in Athens.
Let me read to you from , beginning at . We read there, "Then Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus and said, 'Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious. For as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with the inscription, "To the unknown God." Therefore, the one whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you.'"
All of this that I've said so far is really important as a lead-up. Several years ago, a person asked me why I believe in God. In and in all the things that I've been discussing about general revelation, I shared my thoughts. I believe we can understand that God is powerful and intelligent. From what we see in consciousness and conscience, we can deduce that He is moral, that He is good, and that He is into beauty. He wants to be known.
So, when this person asked me why I believe in God, these are the things that came to mind. Creation, consciousness, and conscience tell me that there is a Creator. When I look at all of these things, I can deduce that He exists and that He is.
Powerful, I can infer that He is true, good, and beautiful. I believe He is also loving. Since both the Bible and science tell us that this universe we live in is not eternal and has not been here forever, it had a beginning. Science has different ideas about when and how it began, such as 13.8 billion years ago, but both science and the Bible agree that the universe had a beginning.
If this is true, as both the Bible and science say, then Buddhism is out because Buddhism believes that everything is eternal. Since God must exist independently if all of this had a beginning, the one who set it in motion needs to exist independently from this universe and from His creation. This means that Hinduism is also out because the gods of Hinduism exist within this cosmos.
If God is loving, as He is revealed in the Scriptures and as I believe your consciousness and conscience make you aware, then that means Islam is out. If God is moral, just as you have strong moral sensibilities, then God is also moral. This means that the pagan gods, such as Dionysus and Athena, and all the other gods worshiped by pagans are out because they were not moral.
You see, all of these things are as they are because they are meant to stir you and me to seek, just as says, so that we might seek for the Lord in hope that we might grope for Him, search around for Him in the dark, and find Him. In Him, you would find the answers to the biggest and most important questions of life.
What are the biggest and most important questions of life that every single person wrestles with at some level? You may not interact with other people about these questions, but you think about them when you are by yourself. They are the deep questions that every philosophy and worldview must answer: the questions of identity—Who am I? The question of purpose—Why am I here? The question of origin—Where did I come from?
From the question of destiny—where do I go after this?—to the question of truth—what is true?—to the question of morality—what is right?—and the question of goodness or beauty—what is good and what is beautiful? These are the essential questions. Every worldview and every philosophy must have adequate answers to these fundamental questions. Not only must they provide the right answers to these challenging inquiries, but they also need to offer solutions to the most pressing problems that every single person faces.
I'm sure you've noticed that we live in a world that is not perfect, a world that has problems. We want to know how to address those problems. Any coherent and compelling worldview or philosophy needs to answer these deep questions of identity, purpose, origin, destiny, morality, truth, goodness, and beauty. It must also address the significant issues we seek solutions for, such as suffering, evil, and wickedness. How do we deal with these challenges?
Every worldview and philosophy needs to address these matters, and I want to suggest to you that only Christianity answers these questions and provides coherent and compelling solutions to these problems. There is so much more that I want to discuss here in about this unknown God and how Paul, as he goes to Athens to speak to the intellectuals of his day, tells them about who this God is.
Next week, we will delve deeper into to explore what we learn as we begin to move away from general revelation—the heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth His handiwork—into what theologians refer to as special revelation. What do we learn about God as we transition from mere observation of the world around us or inference from our own conscience into revelation? What insights do we gain about this God?
My goal in this series, titled "First Things First," is to emphasize the importance of returning to the basics. If you were here last week, or if you watched the message online, I made the point about why we need to revisit these foundational concepts. Now, we are moving into an exploration of what those basics are.
Fundamental things about why we believe that there is a God, what it means that there is a God, and how He reveals Himself are key topics in this passage. My encouragement to you would be to read through , beginning at about , slowly, carefully, and prayerfully over the next week. Next week, we will delve deeper into this passage and consider what Paul says to the people of Athens 2,000 years ago about who this God is and why they needed to know this important truth.
These concepts are the basics, and I believe that, at this moment in August 2021, this is significant. We just completed a series on Esther, and you may remember that Esther's cousin said to her, "For such a time as this." I think that for such a time as this, God has a work He wants us to do. There are questions and challenges that people in our lives, who have not yet come to the knowledge of who the unknown God is, have. We need to be able to articulate answers to those questions, which is why we are returning to these very fundamental truths. Hopefully, you will be able to give a compelling answer when someone asks you why you believe in God or why they should believe in God.
The heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth His handiwork. As we look at creation, conscience, and consciousness, we begin to see that God is powerful and intelligent. From our conscience, we infer that God seems to be relational, loving, good, moral, true, and beautiful. These are the things that the Bible reveals about God, as we will see, and these are the important truths we need to grasp as those who believe in Him and follow Him.
I hope that you will join us again next week, but make sure to read through this week. Father God, I pray that You would take these things and stir an interest in whoever is listening to or watching this message. Stir an interest in us that we would begin to open the pages of Scripture and be more thoughtful about what we know about You and why we believe that You exist. God, reveal Yourself to us through Your creation. The heavens show forth Your glory, Lord. Reveal Yourself to us, and help us to come to know You.
Because you're not unknown, insofar as you desire to be distant from us. You desire that we would know you and that we would have a relationship with you. So, I pray that we would move away from not knowing you, because we've not looked into these things. As we look into these things, we get to know who you are and how you've revealed yourself to us. For we ask this in Jesus' name. Amen.
That is who you are. You never stop, you never stop working. Even when I don't see you working, even when I don't feel like you're working, you never stop, you never stop working. Miracle worker, promise keeper, light in the darkness, my God. God is who you are.
Thank you for joining us on our broadcast today. As we close, we would love to invite you to our service here at Cross Connection Church at 10:30 a.m. on Sunday, right here on our campus. If you'd like more information about Cross Connection Church, please make sure you visit our website, lifeinconnection.com.
Hey, Cross Connection! How's it going? You might notice I am in the mom's room. We wanted to give a quick announcement because we have a lot of new families here at Cross Connection Church and many new young parents. Moms, if you have babies, my wife and I are in the same boat; we have a wonderful 10-month-old. My wife loves the mom's room, and we wanted to let you know that this is a resource for you.
The mom's room is a private space just for you to watch the live service. You can experience every bit of the service with live sound and everything. It's a wonderful experience for you moms. If you're worried about your babies crying in the middle of the service, trust me, it doesn't bother us. We wanted to provide this opportunity for you to enjoy the service without being distracted or needing to feed your baby.
Check it out if you haven't already! Additionally, ladies, if you are interested in serving in the mom's room, we are looking for some mom's room hosts. This role involves coming in to refresh the trash, ensuring there are water bottles available, and simply being there to welcome our moms to the service. If you're interested, you can sign up at serve.lifeinconnection.com.
If you weren't with us last week, we mentioned Sioux Refugio. We will be doing a food packing drive, which is an opportunity for you and your family to come and pack food for Sioux Refugio.
We have a ministry that serves in Argentina, Peru, and Paraguay. They are serving orphans and widows, fulfilling the call in the Bible. This is exactly what we are supposed to do as Christians: to feed the orphans and the widows, to provide for them, and to care for them. That is what Sue Refugio is doing.
We have an awesome opportunity on August 28th at 9:00 a.m. here at Cross Connection Church. Show up with your whole family, bring your extended family, bring some friends, and bring your neighbors. This is a fantastic opportunity to pack up food that will be sent to Peru, Paraguay, and Argentina to serve those who have nothing, who have no food, and to help them get back on their feet.
We want you to invite people, and you need to sign up. It is free to sign up at events.lifeinconnection.com so we can have a headcount and know approximately how many tables to set up. This is a big process; we are packing 20,000 meals. Check out events.lifeinconnection.com. We would love to see you here on Saturday, August 28th, to pack up all those meals.
If you would like to give to Sue Refugio, we are trying to raise three thousand dollars to send to Sue Refugio along with all this food. If you would like to do that, you can simply go to our website, give.lifeinconnection.com. You will notice under that page there is a little tab you can scroll down and click for Sue Refugio instead of the general tithe, and it will go directly to that ministry.
We would love for you to partner with us in this. We believe this is a ministry that is doing an amazing work for the Lord. If you can donate to Sue Refugio at give.lifeinconnection.com, God bless you!
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