The Witness and Power of the Resurrection | Sunday, August 29, 2021
August 27, 2021 · Pastor Miles DeBenedictis
In this teaching
Pastor Miles closes his "First Things First" series by arguing that the resurrection of Jesus is the proof point of the Christian story, presenting Gary Habermas's "minimal facts" as historical evidence and urging believers to let the transforming power of the resurrection be seen in a dying world through self-giving love.
- The cultural drift toward "the death of God" (foreshadowed by Nietzsche's madman) leads to no meaning, no morality, no objective truth, and no hope.
- Science is valuable, but many researchers begin from an a priori assumption that there is no God, skewing their conclusions; we must leave room for the God hypothesis.
- General revelation (creation, consciousness, conscience) and special revelation (Scripture, the incarnation of Christ) point us to a personal, good, and relational God.
- The resurrection is the assurance God has given that the gospel is true; Gary Habermas's five "minimal facts" support it even among skeptical scholars.
- If the resurrection is true, it demands a response and should radically transform how we live.
- Philippians 2 shows that the resurrection's power is most evident when we love and lay our lives down for others, as Christ did.
Readable is a lightly edited reading copy; Verbatim stays close to the spoken words. The audio and video are the record of what was said.
And to the angel of the church at Sardis write... "I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die... He who overcomes shall be clothed in white garments, and I will not blot his name out of the Book of Life..." ()
When a culture has "killed God," only the witness and power of the resurrection can bring it back to life.
A Church on Life Support
At the beginning of this month we began a series called First Things First, starting in , where Jesus writes to the church in Sardis: "Strengthen the things which remain, that are about to die." Looking at the landscape of Christianity in the West, one-fifth into the 21st century, it can feel as though the church is like that church in Sardis — almost on life support. That is a disconcerting thing to see, especially for someone called to pastor and to equip the saints for the work of the ministry.
Nietzsche's Madman
In 1864 a young German of about twenty began studying theology and classical philology at the University of Bonn. He hoped to become a minister, but after only one semester he stopped his theological studies and eventually lost his faith. Nearly twenty years later he wrote a parable:
He told of a madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning, ran to the marketplace, and cried, "I seek God! I seek God!" Those standing around who did not believe in God mocked and laughed. The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes: "Whither is God? I will tell you. We have killed him — you and I. All of us are his murderers... God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers?"
The madman then said, "I have come too early. My time has not yet come. This tremendous event is still on its way... it has not yet reached the ears of men." He forced his way into churches and sang his requiem, asking, "What are these churches now if they are not the tombs and sepulchres of God?"
The author published those words in 1882, then died as a madman on August 25, 1900 — 121 years ago this last Wednesday — in a mental asylum in Weimar. His name was Friedrich Nietzsche.
The Consequences of a Dead God
Nietzsche proclaimed the death of God and asked what would become of the murderers of God. He recognized he had come too soon; the people of his day only laughed. But he could see that this "homicide of God" would result in untold horrors — and the 20th century showed us what it looks like to live in an advanced, technological culture that has effectively killed God.
At the turn of the 20th century Germany was perhaps the most progressive and intellectually advanced society of the modern era. It had been the center of the Reformation and the launch point for modern missions, the epicenter of the Enlightenment, the home of the printing press, the bicycle, the automobile, the diesel engine, aspirin, and rocket engines. And then, in the 20th century, Germany also innovated in extreme misery — death camps, gas chambers — and helped plunge the world into two world wars that killed more than 130 million people. Ideas have consequences, and we are still living with the reverberations of Nietzsche's philosophy.
The Only Hope
I set out to do this series because I am afraid we don't learn well from history. Though there were scattered revivals in the second half of the 20th century — I think of the Jesus People Movement — here in 2021 it seems we are again on the path of the madman. I am convinced that the only hope for our culture, and for the world, is still the gospel of Jesus Christ and the salvation He brings.
Recently I listened to a podcast interview — not a Christian one — with Andrew Sullivan, a writer for Newsweek, Slate, and others, a homosexual man who has lived with HIV for decades. When asked what would help the culture, he said, "I think the only hope for our culture is a revival of Christianity." When even people without a connection to Scripture observe that, it should say something to us.
But before there can be revival in the West, revival needs to take place within the church first. Far too many Christians have almost mourned the death of God themselves — living as though God were dead. So we need to be reminded that God both died and rose from the dead 2,000 years ago, and that it is still reasonable to believe the things of Scripture, especially in a time when so many are deconstructing their faith.
A Tale of Two Stories
The narrative of our time says there is no God and that everything came to be in a massive explosion 13.8 billion years ago. But I believe there is evidence supporting a much better story. We have a tale of two stories. One says everything happened by random chance and mutation over billions of years, ordering itself out of chaos. The other says everything was designed and created for a purpose by a superordinate, superintending mind.
One story leads to what one author called "zero-point nihilism" — no value, no objective knowledge, no objective morality, no objective beauty, no meaning, and therefore no hope. The other posits the existence of God and the possibility of love, joy, peace, goodness, purpose, destiny, and hope. Given the option, which story would you choose? I know which one I would want — especially when facing the seeming hopelessness of a broken world of Haitian earthquakes and Taliban warlords.
Answering an Objection About Science
Many, like Nietzsche, would say, "I would love to believe the Christian story, but it sounds like a fiction in light of the discrediting evidence of science." Last week I presented the chief story of science — the 13.8-billion-year big bang narrative — and I admit I read it with a tone of mockery, perhaps presenting a bit of a straw man. Afterward I had a good conversation with a young man and his mom who had a valid question: Are you saying we shouldn't value the findings of science?
The answer is no. The scientific method is amazing, and the discoveries of the last 500 years speak for themselves. The issue is not the method but the a priori assumptions many researchers bring — the fixed starting point that there is no God. If you begin your research by ruling out a God hypothesis, you will always end up with skewed observations. And it happens often that scientific study brings you to a point where things look designed in biology, astronomy, physics, or mathematics — and those who start with "there is no God" must find a way to explain that design away.
It is important to leave room in our studies for the possibility of the God hypothesis. On this point I highly recommend Dr. Stephen Meyer's recent book, Return of the God Hypothesis. He is a research scientist and philosopher who reveals how science in the last 25 years points back to the fact that there is a God.
General and Special Revelation
As Scripture says, "The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork" (). Paul writes in , "Since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse." Creation, consciousness, and conscience reveal that God is — and that He is powerful, intelligent, good, true, loving, just, and desires relationship with us.
But God has revealed Himself not only through general revelation but through special revelation. says, "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets..." He has revealed Himself in intelligible ways so we would know His nature and His will, and so we might know Him relationally. The Bible tells us that God came to earth as the man Jesus of Nazareth. says that Jesus, "being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men." And declares, "In the beginning was the Word [the Logos], and the Word was with God, and the Word was God... And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory."
These are the basic things every Christian needs to know — first things first — if we are going to stand on a firm foundation of faith.
The Proof Point: The Resurrection
I will grant to the skeptic that this glorious story can seem fanciful. So how do we come to assurance that it is true? The smart people of Paul's day in Athens wanted proof too, and in Paul says God "has given assurance of this to all by raising Him from the dead." The proof point — or the breaking point — of this whole story hangs on the resurrection of Christ.
This is what we call apologetics. Peter writes, "Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense [apologia] to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear." We don't merely say, "I believe it because the Bible tells me so." We can give an account of why it is reasonable to believe.
The Minimal Facts of the Resurrection
The leading expert on the historical evidence for the resurrection is Gary Habermas, who holds a PhD in the history and philosophy of religion and chairs the department of philosophy and theology at Liberty University. His book The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus presents what he calls the "minimal facts" argument. When he defended his 1976 doctoral thesis, his advisors required him to argue the resurrection from sources outside or beyond the Bible — and you can download all 350-plus pages of that thesis online for free.
Habermas presents five facts granted by virtually all scholars on the subject, even skeptical ones:
First, Jesus of Nazareth was a real individual in history who died by crucifixion — recorded in all four Gospels and by a number of non-Christian, extra-biblical sources.
Second, Jesus's disciples believed that He rose from the dead and appeared to them alive, and they went to their deaths proclaiming it.
Third, a church persecutor and skeptic of the resurrection, Saul of Tarsus, reversed his position after an encounter with the risen Jesus and became one of the greatest preachers of Christ in the first century — the apostle Paul.
Fourth, another skeptic, James the half-brother of Jesus — whose own family had worried Jesus might be crazy — was radically changed by an encounter with the resurrected Jesus and became a leader of the church.
Fifth, the tomb was empty. If the Jews or Romans wanted to disprove the resurrection, all they had to do was produce the body — and they could not.
When you consider these facts, I believe it is reasonable to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that the evidence supports the claim that Jesus of Nazareth died by crucifixion and rose from the dead. If you want to examine the evidence yourself, I encourage you to start with Habermas, but also Lee Strobel's The Case for the Resurrection, Josh McDowell's Evidence That Demands a Verdict, Sean McDowell, and J. Warner Wallace's Cold-Case Christianity. All are very accessible.
The Evidence Demands a Response
If there is no God, as Nietzsche said, what is the effect? Look at the consequences 150 years later: no meaning — we are having a meaning crisis in the West; no morality — people will emphatically say it's wrong to say anything is wrong, not recognizing how self-defeating that is; no objective truth — exactly what postmodern thought celebrates; no ultimate purpose; no hope.
But if the resurrection is true, it means what Jesus said about Himself is true. It means there is a God who is our Father, who created you and me for a purpose. It means life has meaning, there is objective truth, goodness, beauty, and morality, and there is hope for life beyond this life. Jesus said, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in Me, though he may die, he shall live." If all of this is true, the fact of the resurrection should radically transform everything about our lives.
A Living Church Before a Dying World
I have been grieved over the last 17 months of chaos — political, racial, medical, and global — with all its division, anger, anxiety, fear, and doubt. I have been grieved because the transforming power of the resurrection should be far more evident in us who believe. Paul wrote, "If anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new."
The transforming power of the resurrection needs to be seen in a living church by a dying world. That is what this world desperately needs to see. As I look at the church at large in the West, it seems the power of the resurrection has been overshadowed by chaos — and the chaos has only inflamed the flesh: impatience, anger, unkindness, an unwillingness to forgive. I do believe God is doing a great work here at Cross Connection, even through 17 months of great pruning — even now we have an outreach set up, with nearly half of those who come on Sunday mornings serving to help. But the power must be visible.
Philippians 2: Love That Lays Itself Down
Let me show one necessary way this power should be seen, from . Paul writes there about the humility and exaltation of Jesus — words that were probably one of the earliest Christian hymns. Why does he include it? Because the church at Philippi, a church near Paul's heart, was a divided church. Division in the church is not new, and one of its effects is always a tarnishing of the church's work and witness.
In Paul writes, "Only let your conduct be worthy of the gospel of Christ... that you stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel," not terrified by your adversaries, counting it granted both to believe in Christ and to suffer for His sake. Then in chapter 2: "Therefore if there is any consolation in Christ... fulfill my joy by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than himself. Let each of you look out not only for his own interests, but also for the interests of others."
"Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant... He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. Therefore God also has highly exalted Him and given Him the name which is above every name."
The Evidence in Us
Bringing it all to this point: the transforming power of the resurrection should be evident in our lives by the way we love and the way we lay our lives down for others. Isn't that exactly what we see in the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus? He loved us and laid His life down for us. On the night He was betrayed, after washing His disciples' feet, He said, "I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you."
We are living through historic times. I keep telling my kids that, if the Lord does not return soon, these days will be written about for hundreds of years. For those whose lives have been transformed by the resurrecting power of Jesus, it needs to be evident — and one of the chief ways it will be evident is in the way we love other people and lay our lives down for them. In that same passage Jesus said, "By this all will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another." So may God do that work in us, that we would let nothing be done by selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind esteem others better than ourselves — because that is exactly what Jesus did when He came into the world.
Closing Prayer
Father God, as we close out this series, we have considered the general revelation — the heavens declare Your glory — and the special revelation, that through the prophets You revealed what You are like and what You like. Jesus, You came to the earth that we might know You, and all of these things are proven by the resurrection. There is evidence that the resurrection happened, and it is reasonable for us to believe it. But if it is true, it ought to change us in a very powerful way. So I pray for myself, for this church, and for the church at large in America and in the world, that You would do a work in us by the transforming power of the resurrection — that we would shine so brightly that people would look at us and say, "Those people love like Christ, and they lay down their lives like Christ." God, do this work in Your church, we ask in Jesus' name. Amen.
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What a beautiful name it is! What a beautiful name it is—the name of Jesus Christ, my King. What a beautiful name it is; nothing compares to this. What a beautiful name it is—the name of Jesus.
What a wonderful name it is! What a wonderful name it is—the name of Jesus. What a wonderful name it is.
At the beginning of this month, we began this series, "First Things First," focusing on the book of Revelation, specifically . There, Jesus writes a letter to the church in the ancient city of Sardis. He opens His words to them, saying, "And to the angel of the church at Sardis write: These things says He who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: 'I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. Be watchful and strengthen the things which remain that are ready to die, for I have not found your works perfect before God. Remember therefore how you have received and heard; hold fast and repent. Therefore, if you will not watch, I will come upon you as a thief, and you will not know the hour that I will come upon you. You have a few names even in Sardis who have not defiled their garments, and they shall walk with Me in white, for they are worthy. He who overcomes shall be clothed in white garments, and I will not blot his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.'"
Jesus says to that church to strengthen the things which remain that are about to die. Looking at the landscape of Christianity in the West as we are now one-fifth into the 21st century, it can be a little disconcerting. It can sometimes feel as though the church is like this church in —a church that is almost as if it is on life support. That is a concerning thing to see, especially for someone like me who is a pastor. It is my calling to minister to a church and to equip the saints for the work of the ministry. Therefore, to see the state of the church in the West here in 2021 is disconcerting.
In 1864, a young German, at the age of about 20 years old, began studying theology and classical philology at the University of Bonn in Germany. His hopes were to become a minister.
But after only one semester, he stopped his theological studies and eventually lost his faith. Nearly twenty years after that, when he was in his late thirties, he wrote this story, a parable—almost a poetic sort of parable. He writes, "Have you not heard of the madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours and ran to the marketplace and cried incessantly, 'I seek God! I seek God!'"
As many of those who did not believe in God were standing around, he provoked much laughter. "Has he got lost?" asked one. "Did he lose his way like a child?" asked another. "Or is he hiding? Is he afraid of us? Has he gone on a voyage, immigrated?" Thus, they yelled and laughed.
The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. "Whither is God?" he cried. "I will tell you: we have killed him. You and I, all of us, are his murderers. But how did we do this? How did we drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? What were we doing when we unchained this earth from its sun? Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving now, away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually backwards, sideward, forward in all directions? Is there still any up or down? Are we not straying as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder? Is not night continually closing in on us? Do we not need to light lanterns in the morning? Do we hear nothing as yet of the noise of the gravediggers who are bearing God? Do we smell nothing as yet of the divine decomposition? God is to decompose. God is dead. God remains dead, and we have killed him."
"How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives. Who will wipe this blood off of us? What water is there to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement? What sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves become gods simply to appear worthy of it? There has never been a greater deed, and whoever is born after us for the sake of this deed will belong to a higher history than all history hitherto."
Here, the madman fell silent. He looked again at his listeners, and they too were silent and stared at him in astonishment. At last, he threw his lantern on the ground, and it broke into pieces and went out. "I've come too early," he said. "My time has not yet come. This tremendous event is still on its way, still wandering. It is yet to reach the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time; the light of the stars..."
Requires time. Deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than the most distant stars, and yet they have done it themselves. It has been related further that on the same day, the madman forced his way into several churches and there struck up his requiem. Eternam dale led out and called to account. He has said always to have replied nothing but, after all, what are these churches now if they are not the tombs and sepulchers of God?
The author of those words published them in 1882, and then he died as a madman on August 25th, 1900, 121 years ago this last Wednesday. He died in a mental asylum in Weimar, Germany. His name was Friedrich Nietzsche. The madman proclaimed there in his parable, in his story, the death of God. He said, "We have killed God, and what will become of us, the murderers of God?" When he wrote those words, he recognized that he had come too soon for the people living in his day at the end of the 19th century. The culture of his time did not really know how to respond to the madman other than to laugh at him and to mock.
But the madman could see that this homicide of God would result in untold horrors. The 20th century showed us what it looks like to live in an advanced and technological society and culture without the recognition of God, in a culture that has effectively killed God. Germany, at the turn of the 20th century, right as Friedrich Nietzsche died, was possibly the most progressive and intellectually advanced society of the modern era. It had been the center of the Christian Reformation and the epicenter for the launch of modern missions. It was a center for the Enlightenment, and from within its borders came inventions like the printing press, the bicycle, the automobile, the diesel engine, and aspirin. Rocket engines and many other world-changing innovations also came from Germany.
Then, in the 20th century, Germany also innovated.
In extreme forms of misery, death camps and gas chambers were invented, plunging the entire world into two world wars that resulted in the deaths of more than 130 million people. Ideas have consequences, and we are living with the reverberations of the philosophy of Nietzsche, as well as other philosophers like him. These reverberations are still affecting Western culture today.
Why did I set out to do this series? First things first, it is because of a concern that I have. I am afraid that we do not really learn very well from history. Although there were scattered revivals of Christianity in Western culture during the second half of the 20th century, and some of you who may watch this experienced some forms of those revivals, I think of the Jesus People movement of the 1960s, 1970s, and extending into the 1980s. Even so, there were small revivals in the second half of the 20th century, but we are once again at this moment here in 2021. It seems, in so many ways, like we are on the path of the madman.
I am convinced that the only hope for our culture—and this is really important—the only hope for our culture, and not just for our culture but really the only hope for the world, is the gospel of Jesus Christ and the salvation that He brings.
I found it interesting that about a week and a half ago, I was listening to a podcast interview, not a Christian podcast at all. The interview was with an individual who has been writing for years for different publications like Newsweek and Slate. This gentleman, Andrew Sullivan, is probably in his late 50s or middle 60s. He is a homosexual man who has lived with HIV for decades. In the interview, the interviewer asked Andrew Sullivan what he thinks will help the culture. He responded, "I think the only hope for our culture is a revival of Christianity."
It is an amazing thing when an individual like Andrew Sullivan observes that the only hope for our culture is a revival of Christianity. That should say something.
As a pastor, you would expect me to say that the only hope for our culture and for the world is a revival of Christianity, the gospel of Jesus Christ. However, it is pretty phenomenal to hear other people, who really don't have a connection to the Scriptures, expressing similar sentiments.
Though I am often accused of being a little too optimistic, the last 17 months have caused me and many others to be concerned that the church in the West is not in a great place. Before we can even entertain the thought of hope and revival in the West, revival needs to take place within the church first. Far too many Christians, I’m afraid, have in some way mourned the death of God themselves; they are living as though God were dead.
We need to be reminded that God both died and rose from the dead 2,000 years ago. It is still reasonable to believe the things of Scripture, especially as we live in a time and culture where people are deconstructing their faith. Many are questioning whether they believe in the God of the Bible or if they believe in God at all.
This challenge is reminiscent of Friedrich Nietzsche, who started on a path to become a minister but, through various experiences, arrived at a place of denial regarding God's existence. We must come back and consider whether these beliefs are reasonable. I believe it is both reasonable and rational to accept the truths we read in Scripture.
This conviction is a significant part of why I have been teaching the things I have over the last several weeks in this series. The narrative of our time suggests that there is no God and that everything we see in the universe came to be from a massive explosion, the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago. However, I believe there is evidence that supports a much better story than the one often told by our culture.
We have what I would call a tale of two stories. One story claims that everything happened by random chance and mutation over billions of years, that everything emerged from chaos and ordered itself over time.
For years, one story says everything was designed and created for a purpose by a superordinate and superintending mind. Another story claims that there is no ultimate purpose, order, or end to the things that exist. One story leads to what one author called zero-point nihilism, a feeling that there is no point to anything, that there is nothing of value, no true or objective knowledge, no objective morality or ethics, and no objective beauty. This view ultimately asserts that there is no meaning to anything, and therefore, there is no hope.
In contrast, the other worldview posits the existence of God and the possibility of love, joy, peace, goodness, purpose, destiny, and hope. Now, if given the option, which story would you choose? I know for certain which story I would want, especially when presented with the seeming hopelessness of a broken world in which things like Haitian earthquakes and Taliban warlords exist.
It is entirely logical, I guess you could say, for people to look at all the things presented by our modern and even postmodern society and say, "I would like to believe these things. I would like to believe this story that Christians tell and believe from the Scriptures." However, many people, like Friedrich Nietzsche, would argue that it sounds like fiction. They would love to believe it, but it seems like a fantasy in light of all the discrediting evidence in science. It appears that if you believe these things, you are pretending that everything is glorious while the band continues to play on as you stand on the decks of a sinking Titanic.
There are those who will say that science has discredited the story we want to believe. That is what science sees, and that is what postmodern people believe. But I don't think so. I have presented to you over the last several weeks my views on why I think these things are reasonable to believe.
The chief story of science was the focus of my message last time, and I will admit that I approached it with a tone of mockery. As I read from the Institute of Physics website, I discussed how 13.8 billion years ago, this event occurred, and one second after it happened, I was a little mocking in my tone. I was no less mocking than those who reject God often are when they speak about Christianity. I acknowledge that I may have been guilty of presenting a straw man, mockingly portraying the scientific assumptions of our time.
This is because the narratives presented on physics websites or in science textbooks often sound a little science fiction-like. They can seem just as fantastical as the way people present the story of Scripture, along with the tone they use. After giving that message and somewhat straw manning the views put forth by many science textbooks today, I had a great conversation here at the church on Sunday with a young man and his mom. They had some questions about my mocking tone.
Before I continue with what I want to discuss this week, I want to address a valid question that arose from that conversation. The question is this: in mocking the story of what I would call 21st-century Western scientism—the narrative that begins with a giant big bang 13.8 billion years ago—are you suggesting that we shouldn't consider the findings of science as being of value?
The answer to that is no; I am not saying that we shouldn't value what the scientific community is able to present. In fact, I think that the scientific method is amazing, and the results of scientific endeavors, in many ways, speak for themselves. Over the last 500 years, the discoveries that have been made and the outcomes of all these scientific discoveries are absolutely remarkable. However, here's the problem: it isn't...
An issue of the scientific method or the process of doing science is not the core problem. Rather, it is an issue of what I would call the a priori assumptions that many researchers make when they engage in scientific study.
What do I mean by that? Those terms may not be something you have heard before. When I talk about an a priori assumption, I am referring to where you begin your scientific study and what fixed assumptions you have before starting your research. The fixed assumption that many people who engage in scientific research today hold is simply this: there is no God. Without a shadow of a doubt, they will assert that there is no such thing as a superintending, superordinate creating being that we would call God.
If you begin your research by stating that this is not possible, that there is no place for a God hypothesis, then I would argue that you will always end up with skewed observations. If that is your starting point, you will have a biased outcome. Consequently, every time you reach a point in your scientific study that seems to suggest design or intent behind the things you are observing—whether in biology, astronomy, physics, mathematics, or any other field—you will default back to the assumption that there is no God.
This leads to a constant struggle to explain away why it appears that there is design in whatever you are studying. There are many instances in science where the study leads you to conclude that things look designed. However, those who start from the premise that there is no God must find a way to rationalize this appearance of design. Therefore, your conclusions will always be skewed.
I believe this is where we are at in 21st-century Western culture. It is important for well-meaning individuals to recognize these assumptions in their scientific endeavors.
Research to leave room in their studies for the possibility of a God hypothesis is essential. If you're interested in these things, I would highly recommend a book that just came out recently, within the last six months, by an author named Dr. Stephen Meyer. It's called "The Return of the God Hypothesis." It is a really good book on this point. He is a research scientist and a philosopher, and he digs into these important topics. He reveals some of what science in the last 25 years has uncovered that points back to the fact that there is a God.
I believe that it's important for us to always leave room in our studies for the possibility of the God hypothesis. As the Scriptures reveal, as I've pointed out pretty much every week over the last several weeks, the heavens declare the glory of God, and the earth shows forth God's handiwork (). This is general revelation; the heavens show us that there is a God.
In the New Testament book of Romans, Paul writes in , "Since the creation of the world, God's invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even God's eternal power and Godhead, so that man is without excuse." Creation, consciousness, and conscience reveal to us that God exists. Not just that He exists, but that He is powerful and intelligent. Our awareness of ourselves through consciousness, and our awareness of our place in this universe, lead us to expect that there is a God who is good, true, loving, just, and desires a relationship with us.
As you begin to consider these things and look into the Scriptures, you find that this God has revealed Himself not just through general revelation, but also through special revelation. In the New Testament book of Hebrews, I mentioned this the last couple of weeks. states, "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has revealed Himself to us in intelligible ways so that we would know."
God revealed Himself to us so that we would know what He is like, His nature, and His will. Not only that, but we might also know Him relationally, allowing us to engage with Him in a relational way. The Bible describes not just the nature of God—what He is like—and the will of God—what He likes—but it also tells us the story of how God came to the earth as the man Jesus of Nazareth 2,000 years ago.
In and 7, it says that Jesus, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God. Instead, He made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant and coming in the likeness of men.
Additionally, in the Gospel of John, chapter 1, we read the opening words: "In the beginning was the Word" (with a capital W), "and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." The term "Word" here is the Greek word "Logos." So, in the beginning was the Logos, and the Logos was with God, and the Logos was God. He was in the beginning with God, and all things were made through Him. This Logos is a person, personified as Him, and without Him, nothing was made that was made. In Him was life, and this life was the light of men.
Skipping down to , the author of the Gospel of John states, "And the Word, the Logos, became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth."
These are, I believe, the basic things that every Christian needs to know. First things first, if we are going to stand upon a firm foundation of faith, we must start with these truths. What do we observe in general revelation through creation, consciousness, and conscience? What do we find when we look into the special revelation of Scripture? What do we learn when we begin to draw near to and get to know God through Jesus Christ? This is the basics; this is where we need to start.
We covered all of this last week and the week before, but as I closed last week, I shared with you that the proof point or the breaking point of this glorious story is something I will grant to the skeptic.
They seem to be fanciful. They seem to be like, "Well, that's a great myth; that's a great fiction." But how do we assure ourselves or come to an assurance that these things are true? We want assurance. The smart people of the Apostle Paul's day in the city of Athens, as described in , wanted some proof as well. Paul says in of chapter 17 that God has given us assurance that these things are true—the things of Scripture, the special revelation of Scripture. He has given us assurance of all of this through the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
The proof point, or the breaking point, of this glorious story of God personally revealing Himself to us through the Gospel of Jesus Christ hangs upon the resurrection of Christ. How can we know? How can we be assured that this story, this excellent story about God coming down to us, is actually true and not just true because the Bible tells me so? For a long time, many Christians would simply say, "Well, I believe these things because the Bible tells me so."
What I've been driving home for the last several weeks is what we would call apologetics. The Apostle Peter, in one of his letters, says to sanctify the Lord God in your heart and always be ready to give a defense for the hope that is within you, with meekness and fear. That word "defense," to always be ready to give a defense, is the Greek word "apologia," and that is where we get this idea of apologetics.
So, what I'm doing here is giving you an apologetic for why we believe what we believe. We don't just say, "Well, I believe it because the Bible tells me so." There are many things that we know and believe because of what we find in Scripture, but how do we establish that this is valid and worth investing time in discovering what it has to say?
What I'm hoping to do in the time that I have remaining today, and it will be in a relatively brief way because I've been putting so much into this, is two things. First, I want to talk about the evidence for the resurrection. At the end of my message last time, I said that we would consider the evidence beyond simply saying, "Well, the Bible tells me so." What is the evidence that these things are true?
Are true because Paul said in , , "God has given us assurance, evidence by raising Jesus from the dead." The first thing I want to do is consider the evidence for the resurrection. The second thing I want to do, in closing this message today and this series called "First Things First," is to return to where I started five weeks ago. That began with those verses in Revelation, chapter 3, through 6, where Jesus says to the church at Sardis, "Strengthen the things which remain."
I feel that it is necessary for us who believe these things, if you are a believer in the Scriptures and a believer in Christ, to strengthen the things which remain and to be strengthened in our faith. We need to be able to move forward in our relationship and walk with Jesus. This good news, what we call the Gospel, the good news about Jesus coming to this world to bring salvation, requires a response on your part and action on my part.
But first, the evidence that I believe makes this faith in the resurrection reasonable. What is the evidence? For this, I want to recommend a book and an author who wrote this book to consider this important topic. The leading expert on the historic evidence for the resurrection of Jesus Christ is a man by the name of Gary Habermas.
Gary Habermas has an M.A. in philosophical theology and Christian thought from the University of Detroit, and he also has a Ph.D. in the history and philosophy of religion from Michigan State University. He is a distinguished professor and chair of the Department of Philosophy and Theology at Liberty University, and he is a true expert on the topic of the resurrection. He wrote a book several years ago called "The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus," in which he presents what he calls the minimal facts argument for the resurrection.
When, in 1976, Dr. Habermas presented and defended his doctoral thesis on a rational inquiry into the resurrection of Jesus, he was told by his advisors and those people he would have to sit before to defend his thesis that he would be discussing the resurrection of Jesus.
Dr. Habermas set out to research the resurrection of Jesus from sources outside of the Bible. His goal was to receive his PhD, focusing on how we can establish that the resurrection happened beyond a reasonable doubt, according to evidence beyond what the Bible has to say. If you're interested in this topic, you can actually download all 350-plus pages of his doctoral thesis from 1976 online for free. It is available as a PDF, or you can send me an email, and I will send it to you if you want to read all 350 pages.
However, his book, which he wrote within the last decade and a half, titled "The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus," is much more accessible than the thesis. The thesis is written in very academic language and is heavily footnoted, while the book is easier to read and can be found online wherever books are sold.
Dr. Habermas presents what he calls the "four plus one" minimal facts of the resurrection, or five facts that he provides as evidence for the resurrection of Jesus Christ, which are strongly attested in history. He notes that these facts are granted by virtually all scholars on the subject, even those who are skeptical of the resurrection. This means that even skeptical scholars and historians agree on these five facts.
I want to share these five facts from Dr. Habermas, which he refers to as the minimal facts for the resurrection. You can read more about this in his book, "The Case for the Resurrection."
The very first fact is that Jesus of Nazareth was a real individual in history who died by crucifixion. This is important because some people question whether there was a real Jesus of Nazareth who actually died by crucifixion 2,000 years ago. However, there is a record of this event, which is documented in all four New Testament Gospels as well as by a number of non-Christian, extra-biblical sources. Thus, it is established that Jesus of Nazareth was indeed a real individual in history who died by crucifixion.
The second fact that Dr. Habermas puts forward, which even skeptical historians will recognize and grant as true, is that Jesus's disciples believed that Jesus rose from the dead and appeared to them alive again. I am just giving you these brief points on the minimal facts. If you want a deeper research of this, get the book or read the PDF thesis from Dr. Habermas online. This is really important: Jesus was a real man who lived 2,000 years ago and died by Roman crucifixion in Jerusalem.
The second fact is that Jesus's disciples believed that He rose from the dead and had appeared to them alive. The third point is that a church persecutor and skeptic of the resurrection himself, Saul of Tarsus, reversed his skeptical position after he had an encounter with the resurrected Jesus. He was radically transformed to become one of the greatest preachers of Christ in the first century and is known in history as the Apostle Paul.
Saul of Tarsus was a skeptic of Christ, a skeptic of the resurrection, and a persecutor of followers of Jesus. Then he had his own personal encounter with the resurrected Jesus. This skeptic, Saul of Tarsus, turned Apostle Paul, became one of the greatest preachers. Everywhere he went, he provided evidence for his transformation and for the Christian faith, always putting forward the resurrection of Jesus.
To summarize the minimal facts: First, Jesus of Nazareth was a real man who was crucified 2,000 years ago by the Romans. Second, the followers of Jesus all believed and taught that He had risen from the dead and appeared to them alive. Third, one of the great skeptics and early persecutors of followers of Jesus became a believer and preacher of Jesus after he had an encounter with Him.
The fourth fact is that another skeptic, the half-brother of Jesus, a man named James, was radically changed by an encounter with the resurrected Jesus. Jesus's own family, including His mother Mary, had brothers and sisters, but one of His brothers, James, became a follower. They all were concerned that their beliefs were being challenged, but James was an outspoken skeptic.
Brother Jesus might seem crazy, and you can see that in the Gospels. However, Jesus rose from the dead, and James became a follower. The fifth and final fact that scholars agree upon is that the tomb was empty.
Now, this is one of those things that if the Jews wanted to disprove the resurrection of Jesus, or if the Romans wanted to disprove it in the first century, all they had to do was produce the tomb with the body of Jesus. They couldn't, because the tomb was empty.
These five facts are the minimal facts we can see from history. There is a lot more to this than just these things, but these five points are significant: Jesus was a real individual who lived 2,000 years ago and was crucified by the Romans outside of Jerusalem. His disciples believed that He rose from the dead; they went to their deaths proclaiming that He rose from the dead and appeared to them alive. The skeptic Paul, also known as Saul of Tarsus, became a believer after he encountered the resurrected Jesus. James, the half-brother of Jesus, was a skeptic who also became a believer after he encountered the resurrected Jesus. Finally, the tomb was empty.
These are the facts that you can focus on. Dr. Habermas, as well as other apologists, have spoken extensively on this topic over the last quarter-century, especially. You can find numerous talks and resources online.
When you consider the facts, I believe it is rational and reasonable to conclude this important point: the evidence supports the claim that Jesus of Nazareth died by crucifixion and rose from the dead. It is reasonable to believe, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the evidence supports this claim.
If you want to examine the evidence on your own, I encourage you to do so, especially if you are skeptical. The evidence is available; you can check it out online, whether through reading, watching, or listening. Gary Habermas's research is a great place to start. Another excellent resource is Lee Strobel, who has written several books, including "The Case for Christianity," "The Case for Faith," and "The Case for the Resurrection." He delves into some of these minimal facts arguments. There is a lot of material out there. Josh McDowell's book, "The Evidence That Demands a Verdict," is considered a classic, and his son, Sean McDowell, is also involved in this field.
Also, an apologist who writes extensively on these topics is Jay Warner Wallace. He has a great book called "Cold Case Christianity," which I would highly recommend. All of these resources are excellent starting points and are very accessible. They are easy to understand and do not use super deep theological language; they are presented at a popular level. If you're interested in this, check out these resources. We will have some links below in the show notes where you can find out more about these topics.
There are numerous YouTube videos and podcasts available that discuss these matters. As I mentioned, I think it is reasonable and rational to conclude that the evidence supports the claim that Jesus of Nazareth died by crucifixion and rose from the dead. But then what? The evidence demands a response. Just as Josh McDowell's book states, the evidence demands a verdict. I want to emphasize that the evidence demands a response. In light of all these things, how shall we then live? Ideas have consequences.
The ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche have had significant reverberations for the last 150 years, and we are witnessing those effects continue today. If it is true that there is no God, as Nietzsche claimed when he said "God is dead," what does that mean? What are the effects of that belief? In the 19th century, we saw a significant call for this idea, and during the same period, Charles Darwin's book "The Origin of Species" was published, which further fueled this movement. There was a kind of tumbling snowball effect with various scientific developments, leading people to question the existence of God. However, they were not very open to the evidence for God's existence.
Fast forward 150 to 170 years from the mid-19th century to now, and we can observe the consequences of these views. Here are some things to consider: we are currently experiencing a meaning crisis in the West. There is also a crisis of morality; our culture is filled with questions about whether objective morality exists. No one can definitively say what is right or wrong, and in fact, people will emphatically assert that there is no absolute truth.
It's wrong to say anything is wrong, even though they don't recognize the self-defeating argument that they're giving. The consequences of this "no God" sort of thinking, or the "death of God," lead to no meaning, no morality, no objective truth. That's exactly what post-modern thought is all about: no objective truth, no objective standards, no ultimate purpose, no hope.
If there is no resurrection, then this is where we come to. If there is no God, there's no meaning, there's no morality, there's no objective truth, no ultimate purpose, and no hope. But if the resurrection is true, what does that mean? It means that what Jesus said about Himself is true. It means that there is a God who is our Father. It means that God created you and me for a purpose. It means that life has meaning. It means that there is objective truth, goodness, beauty, and morality. It means that there is hope for life beyond this life.
Jesus said, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in Me, though he were dead, yet he shall live." If all of these things are true, then the fact of the resurrection should radically transform everything about our lives and the way that we live. That transformation, if it is true and you have trusted in Him, ought to be evident in us in an evidently powerful way.
This is where I began five weeks ago. I have been grieved as I have shared over the last 17 months of chaos: political chaos, racial chaos, medical chaos, world chaos, division, anger, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and doubt. I have been grieved because the transforming power of the resurrection should be far more evident in us who believe. The Apostle Paul wrote to the Corinthians, "Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. All the old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new."
The transforming power of the resurrection needs to be seen in a living church by a dying world. Let me say that again; this is so important: the transforming power of the resurrection.
Needs to be seen in a living church by a dying world. That's what this world desperately needs to see. They need to witness the transforming power of the resurrection in my life and in your life. What has grieved me so much as I look at the church—not just this church, because I really do believe that God is doing a great work here at Cross Connection Church—even if the last 17 months have been a time of great pruning. There is beautiful fruit happening here at this church. In fact, right now, as I am in this room recording, we have tables set up because we are doing an outreach just before this airs on Saturday. Nearly half of the people who have been coming here on Sunday mornings are coming to help with this outreach. That is great fruit of what God is doing.
However, as I look at the church as a whole in the West, the big C Church, it seems like the power of the resurrection has been overshadowed by all the chaos that has occurred in our world over the last 17 months. The effects of this chaos have only inflamed people's flesh—their impatience, their anger, their unkindness, and their unwillingness to forgive. There is a crazy time that we have been going through, and so the power of the resurrection, the transforming power of it, needs to be seen in a living church by a dying world.
In what ways? There are so many different ways I could spend weeks talking about this, but I don't have weeks; I have minutes. In fact, I've been going for quite a while now, so I need to wrap this up. I want to talk about one necessary way in which the transforming power of the resurrection should be evident in you and in me. If we believe these things in the church, how should this transforming power be seen?
As I mentioned, over the last 17 months, this transforming power has been overshadowed by our flesh due to all the things that have inflamed it. In a very sad and bad way, it has been overshadowed. I want to show from the Scriptures one very necessary way that this power of the resurrection should be seen in us, and it is found in . If you're following along in a Bible, you can open to . I have already talked about this today and in previous weeks.
I've referenced this passage of Scripture because in , Paul is writing about the humility and exaltation of Jesus. He says this in , beginning at : "Jesus, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant and coming in the likeness of men. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross."
We have already touched on this passage today, but I want to close this message with what Paul says just before he comes to those words. Those words were probably one of the earliest Christian hymns. Why does Paul include this Christian hymn, one of the earliest and probably well-known Christian hymns of his time, in this letter to the church in Philippi?
When you dig a little deeper into this letter, I believe the reason becomes clear. The church at Philippi was a church that was near to Paul's heart; he loved the people in the city of Philippi. However, when Paul wrote this letter to them, they were a divided church. Does that sound familiar? Division in the church is not new; it is something you find all the way back in the early church in the New Testament. One of the effects of division is always a tarnishing of the work and witness of the church.
So, when Paul writes this letter to the church at Philippi, he is trying to get them to fix the division problem. He uses this hymn about the coming of Christ, Christ's advent, to talk about Christ's kenosis—what theologians call Christ's kenosis—as an example for what he wanted the Philippian Christians to do. What does he want them to do?
Let me read to you the larger context of where this passage is found, and we will look very briefly at what it was that Paul wanted the Philippians to do. Beginning at , look at . There, Paul says to the church at Philippi, "Only let your..."
Conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come to you and see you or am absent, I may hear of your affairs, that you stand fast in one spirit, with one mind, striving together for the faith of the gospel. Paul says, "I want you to be united, united together with one spirit and one mind, striving together for the faith of the gospel." You're a divided church; I want you to be joined together.
In , he continues, "And not in any way terrified by your adversaries, which is to them proof of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that from God." For to you it has been granted on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him but also to suffer for His sake, having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear is in me.
Therefore, if there is any consolation, as stated in , "If there is any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affection and mercy, fulfill my joy by being like-minded, united together." This was a divided church. He says, "Make me happy by being united together, by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind." He keeps hammering this home; I want you to be joined together, like-minded, joined together as one, of one accord, of one mind.
In , he instructs, "Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind, let each esteem others better than himself. Let each of you look out not only for his own interests but also for the interests of others."
Let this mind
The transforming power of the resurrection should be evident in our lives by the way that we love and by the way that we lay our lives down for others. That's what we see in this text. The transforming power of the resurrection should be evident in our lives by the way that we love and the way that we lay our lives down for others.
When you think about that, isn't that exactly what we see in the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus? He loved us and he laid his life down for us. Jesus said on the night that he would be betrayed, as he was with his disciples and washed their feet, "I have given you an example that you should do as I have done for you."
Aside from all the other things that the gospel and the power of the resurrection ought to do in our lives, one of the things it should compel us to do is to love other people, both those within the body of Christ and those outside, and to lay our lives down for others. That's exactly what Jesus did for us.
In this moment, amidst all the chaos that is happening, I keep telling my kids that we are living through things right now that, if the Lord doesn't return soon, will be talked about and written about for hundreds of years. We are living through historic times. Sometimes you get to live in times where not a lot of history is happening, and things are pretty good. It has not been like that for the last 17 months, and it doesn't seem like it's going to change in the near future.
For people who are Christians, whose lives have been transformed by the resurrecting power of Jesus Christ, we need to be those in whom this transformation is evident. One of the ways it will be evident is in the way that we love other people and lay our lives down for them. In the very same passage where Jesus said, "I have given you an example that you should do as I have done to you," he also said, "By this will all people know that you are my followers."
By this, all people will know that you have been radically transformed by the resurrection of Jesus Christ and that you love one another. May it be that God does that work in us to the point where we realize that we should let nothing be done by selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind, we esteem others better than ourselves. Let each of you look out not only for your own interests but also for the interests of others, because this is exactly what Jesus did when he came to the world.
Father God, I pray as we close out this series.
Considered the general revelation, the heavens declare the glory of God. As we consider the special revelation, You, through prophets, have revealed what You are like, Lord. As You have revealed Yourself, Jesus, You came to the earth that we might know You. All of these things are proven by the resurrection, and there is evidence that the resurrection happened. It is reasonable for us to believe that these things occurred.
If we believe that it is true, and if it is true, it ought to change us in a very powerful way. I pray for myself, I pray for this church, and I pray for the church at large in America and in the world. I ask that You would do a work in us by the transforming power of the resurrection, and that we would shine brightly in such a way that people would look at us and say, "Those people love like Christ and they lay down their life like Christ." God, do work in Your church, we ask in Jesus' name. Amen.
How wonderful! What a powerful name it is!
The name of Jesus! What a powerful name it is. Nothing can stand against it. What a powerful name it is, the name of Jesus Christ, my King.
Thank you for joining us today. As we close, we would love to invite you to our campus here at Cross Connection Church, where we gather at 10:30 a.m. every Sunday. If you'd like more information about Cross Connection Church, make sure you check us out online at lifeandconnection.com.
Hey neighbor, can I borrow an axe? Hey, Cross Connection, do you love the...
The great outdoors! If you enjoy nature and would like to join us on our next church camping trip, it's coming up on September 17th through the 19th. This will be a Friday, Saturday, and Sunday at Herky Creek, which is just outside of Idyllwild and right next to Lake Hemet. There will be hiking, camping, fishing, and all kinds of fun activities at the campsite. Most importantly, you will have the opportunity to spend time with fellow believers here at Cross Connection Church. It's going to be an awesome time!
If you want to come, please sign up on our website at events.lifeinconnection.com. The cost is twenty dollars per person, or forty dollars for a family, which is the maximum you'll spend for your whole family. It's a great deal! If you have an RV or trailer that you'd like to bring, you're welcome to do so. We have spots available in our group site, and it’s still only forty dollars. We would love to see you out there!
Our second announcement today is that we will be adding a second service on September 12th at 8:30 AM on Sunday morning. I know all you early birds are excited, and I hope to see you there! If you can make it to the 8:30 service and are interested in serving, we will also have children's ministry during that time. Please sign up at serve.lifeinconnection.com. We would love to have you join our service team here at Cross Connection Church to accommodate this new service.
Lastly, if you are a parent of a junior high or high school student, Pastor Nick Brauer and I would love to meet with you after service today. Around noon, as soon as you exit the main sanctuary, please head over to the youth room. We would like to share some of the things happening in the youth group, what we are teaching, and how we can better help you connect with your students spiritually. We want to help them grow and be followers of Jesus. We will also share a little about our hearts for upcoming events. We hope to see you there!
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